From 4ddc2f75eb0580c2b2e110c56d4ac2f0b5517c2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 14:40:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] Take volume space as uint64_t.

---
 src/chasers/chaser_storage.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/chasers/chaser_storage.cpp b/src/chasers/chaser_storage.cpp
index 40e2e9d9..35a21c19 100644
--- a/src/chasers/chaser_storage.cpp
+++ b/src/chasers/chaser_storage.cpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ void chaser_storage::do_reload() NOEXCEPT
 
 bool chaser_storage::have_capacity() const NOEXCEPT
 {
-    size_t have{};
+    uint64_t have{};
     const auto require = archive().get_space();
     const auto success = (file::space(have, store_) && have >= require);
     LOGF("Require [" << require << "] bytes and [" << have << "] are free.");

From 6e48f5909c78b6458eb11f9910b8a5aff489b616 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:27:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/7] Anchor install script option sanitization.

---
 builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh   | 38 +++++++++++++++----------------
 builds/cmake/install-presets.sh | 30 ++++++++++++-------------
 builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh       | 40 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 3 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh b/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
index 108fcd58..4a5bba54 100755
--- a/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
+++ b/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
@@ -156,25 +156,25 @@ main()
 
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_ORIGINAL=("$@")
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("$@")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-boost/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-secp256k1/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-src-dir=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-obj-dir=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-obj-dir-relative/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-limit=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-config=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-link=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-full-repositories/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-post-install-clean/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-skip-tests/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-parallel=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-use-local-src/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--prefix=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--hardware-optimized/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--noninteractive/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--verbose/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--help/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/-h/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-boost/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-secp256k1/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-src-dir=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-obj-dir=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-obj-dir-relative/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-limit=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-config=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-link=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-full-repositories/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-post-install-clean/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-skip-tests/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-parallel=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-use-local-src/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--prefix=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--hardware-optimized/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--noninteractive/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--verbose/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--help/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#-h/}")
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_CMAKE=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]}")
     msg_verbose "*** ARGUMENTS: ${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_ORIGINAL[*]}"
     msg_verbose "*** SANITIZED: ${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[*]}"
diff --git a/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh b/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
index ddc80b12..09bfc245 100755
--- a/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
+++ b/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
@@ -142,21 +142,21 @@ main()
 
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_ORIGINAL=("$@")
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("$@")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-boost/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-secp256k1/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-preset=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-src-dir=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-limit=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-full-repositories/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-post-install-clean/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-skip-tests/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-parallel=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-use-local-src/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--hardware-optimized/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--noninteractive/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--verbose/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--help/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/-h/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-boost/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-secp256k1/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-preset=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-src-dir=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-limit=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-full-repositories/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-post-install-clean/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-skip-tests/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-parallel=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-use-local-src/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--hardware-optimized/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--noninteractive/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--verbose/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--help/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#-h/}")
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_CMAKE=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]}")
     msg_verbose "*** ARGUMENTS: ${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_ORIGINAL[*]}"
     msg_verbose "*** SANITIZED: ${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[*]}"
diff --git a/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh b/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
index 67ef8f0a..22b0738d 100755
--- a/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
+++ b/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
@@ -154,26 +154,26 @@ main()
 
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_ORIGINAL=("$@")
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("$@")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-boost/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-secp256k1/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-src-dir=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-obj-dir=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-obj-dir-relative/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-limit=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-config=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-link=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-full-repositories/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-post-install-clean/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-skip-tests/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-valgrind=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-parallel=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--build-use-local-src/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--prefix=*/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--hardware-optimized/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--noninteractive/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--verbose/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/--help/}")
-    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/-h/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-boost/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-secp256k1/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-src-dir=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-obj-dir=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-obj-dir-relative/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-limit=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-config=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-link=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-full-repositories/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-post-install-clean/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-skip-tests/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-valgrind=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-parallel=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--build-use-local-src/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--prefix=*/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--hardware-optimized/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--noninteractive/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--verbose/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#--help/}")
+    CONFIGURE_OPTIONS=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]/#-h/}")
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_CMAKE=()
     CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_GNU=("${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS[@]}")
     msg_verbose "*** ARGUMENTS: ${CONFIGURE_OPTIONS_ORIGINAL[*]}"

From 32196d263eb686c8e8218336dfedff2b1fd3974b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:27:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] Add s390x big-endian gnu CI job.

---
 .github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 .github/workflows/ci.yml          | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml
index 1aee8f92..c26a9725 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml
@@ -337,6 +337,18 @@ jobs:
             boost: "--build-boost"
             options: "--enable-isystem"
 
+          - image: ubuntu-24.04
+            config: "debug"
+            link: "static"
+            cc: "s390x-linux-gnu-gcc"
+            cxx: "s390x-linux-gnu-g++"
+            flags: ""
+            coverage: ""
+            package: "gcc-s390x-linux-gnu g++-s390x-linux-gnu qemu-user-static"
+            host: "s390x-linux-gnu"
+            boost: ""
+            options: "--enable-isystem"
+
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.image }}
 
     env:
@@ -344,6 +356,7 @@ jobs:
       CXX: '${{ matrix.cxx }}'
       CFLAGS: '${{ matrix.flags }}'
       CXXFLAGS: '${{ matrix.flags }}'
+      QEMU_LD_PREFIX: "${{ matrix.host && format('/usr/{0}', matrix.host) || '' }}"
 
     steps:
       - name: Get branch name
@@ -451,21 +464,65 @@ jobs:
               echo "LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,${{ github.workspace }}/prefix/lib" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
 
+      - name: Verify emulation [cross]
+        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          echo 'int main() { return 0; }' > emulation.c
+          ${{ matrix.cc }} emulation.c -o emulation
+          file emulation
+          ./emulation
+
+      - name: Install boost headers [cross]
+        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node'
+        env:
+          CC: 'gcc'
+          CXX: 'g++'
+        run: >
+          ./builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
+          --build-use-local-src
+          --build-src-dir="${{ github.workspace }}"
+          --prefix="${{ github.workspace }}/prefix"
+          --build-obj-dir="obj"
+          --build-obj-dir-relative
+          --build-config="${{ matrix.config }}"
+          --build-link="${{ matrix.link }}"
+          --build-limit=external
+          --build-boost
+
       - name: Execute installation
         shell: bash
         working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node'
+        env:
+          MAKEFLAGS: "${{ matrix.host && 'TESTS=' || '' }}"
         run: >
           ./builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
           --build-use-local-src
           --build-src-dir="${{ github.workspace }}"
           --prefix="${{ github.workspace }}/prefix"
-          --build-post-install-clean
+          ${{ !matrix.host && '--build-post-install-clean' || '' }}
           --build-obj-dir="obj"
           --build-obj-dir-relative
           --build-config="${{ matrix.config }}"
           --build-link="${{ matrix.link }}"
           ${{ matrix.boost }}
           ${{ matrix.options }}
+          ${{ matrix.host && format('--host={0} --with-boost={1}/prefix', matrix.host, github.workspace) || '' }}
+
+      - name: Execute tests [cross]
+        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node/obj/builds/gnu'
+        run: >
+          ./test/libbitcoin-node-test
+          --log_level=test_suite
+          --report_level=short
+          --show_progress=no
+          --detect_memory_leak=0
+          --build_info=yes
 
       - name: Coverage calculation
         if: ${{ matrix.coverage == 'lcov' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 9d1ab8e0..e6e7a385 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -118,6 +118,18 @@ jobs:
             boost: "--build-boost"
             options: "--enable-isystem"
 
+          - image: ubuntu-24.04
+            config: "debug"
+            link: "static"
+            cc: "s390x-linux-gnu-gcc"
+            cxx: "s390x-linux-gnu-g++"
+            flags: ""
+            coverage: ""
+            package: "gcc-s390x-linux-gnu g++-s390x-linux-gnu qemu-user-static"
+            host: "s390x-linux-gnu"
+            boost: ""
+            options: "--enable-isystem"
+
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.image }}
 
     env:
@@ -125,6 +137,7 @@ jobs:
       CXX: '${{ matrix.cxx }}'
       CFLAGS: '${{ matrix.flags }}'
       CXXFLAGS: '${{ matrix.flags }}'
+      QEMU_LD_PREFIX: "${{ matrix.host && format('/usr/{0}', matrix.host) || '' }}"
 
     steps:
       - name: Get branch name
@@ -232,21 +245,65 @@ jobs:
               echo "LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,${{ github.workspace }}/prefix/lib" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
 
+      - name: Verify emulation [cross]
+        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          echo 'int main() { return 0; }' > emulation.c
+          ${{ matrix.cc }} emulation.c -o emulation
+          file emulation
+          ./emulation
+
+      - name: Install boost headers [cross]
+        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node'
+        env:
+          CC: 'gcc'
+          CXX: 'g++'
+        run: >
+          ./builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
+          --build-use-local-src
+          --build-src-dir="${{ github.workspace }}"
+          --prefix="${{ github.workspace }}/prefix"
+          --build-obj-dir="obj"
+          --build-obj-dir-relative
+          --build-config="${{ matrix.config }}"
+          --build-link="${{ matrix.link }}"
+          --build-limit=external
+          --build-boost
+
       - name: Execute installation
         shell: bash
         working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node'
+        env:
+          MAKEFLAGS: "${{ matrix.host && 'TESTS=' || '' }}"
         run: >
           ./builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
           --build-use-local-src
           --build-src-dir="${{ github.workspace }}"
           --prefix="${{ github.workspace }}/prefix"
-          --build-post-install-clean
+          ${{ !matrix.host && '--build-post-install-clean' || '' }}
           --build-obj-dir="obj"
           --build-obj-dir-relative
           --build-config="${{ matrix.config }}"
           --build-link="${{ matrix.link }}"
           ${{ matrix.boost }}
           ${{ matrix.options }}
+          ${{ matrix.host && format('--host={0} --with-boost={1}/prefix', matrix.host, github.workspace) || '' }}
+
+      - name: Execute tests [cross]
+        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node/obj/builds/gnu'
+        run: >
+          ./test/libbitcoin-node-test
+          --log_level=test_suite
+          --report_level=short
+          --show_progress=no
+          --detect_memory_leak=0
+          --build_info=yes
 
       - name: Coverage calculation
         if: ${{ matrix.coverage == 'lcov' }}

From c3c5f0ad003719da3c56a7463e8cf13e7b752e5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 18:40:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] Delint (32 bit).

---
 include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp       |  3 ++-
 src/chasers/chaser_validate_batch.cpp    | 25 +++++++++++++-----------
 src/chasers/chaser_validate_parallel.cpp |  9 +++++----
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp b/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp
index 84781a93..f70635ed 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ class BCN_API estimator
 public:
     typedef std::unique_ptr<estimator> ptr;
     static constexpr size_t maximum_horizon = 1008;
-    static constexpr size_t estimate_failed = max_uint64;
+    static constexpr size_t estimate_failed =
+        system::possible_narrow_cast<size_t>(max_uint64);
 
     DELETE_COPY_MOVE_DESTRUCT(estimator);
 
diff --git a/src/chasers/chaser_validate_batch.cpp b/src/chasers/chaser_validate_batch.cpp
index e379f850..0ba040c6 100644
--- a/src/chasers/chaser_validate_batch.cpp
+++ b/src/chasers/chaser_validate_batch.cpp
@@ -132,13 +132,14 @@ code chaser_validate::do_process_batch(bool bank, bool startup) NOEXCEPT
             LOGN("Batch verify ecdsa canceled (" << ecdsa << ").");
             return network::error::operation_canceled;
         }
-        const auto elapsed = network::logger::now() - start;
-        fire(events::ecdsa_secs, duration_cast<seconds>(elapsed).count());
 
+        const auto elapsed = network::logger::now() - start;
+        const auto count = duration_cast<seconds>(elapsed).count();
+        const auto duration = limit<size_t>(count);
+        fire(events::ecdsa_secs, duration);
         if (!startup)
         {
-            LOGN(log_rate("Verify ecdsa.....", ecdsa,
-                duration_cast<milliseconds>(elapsed).count(), use_gpu));
+            LOGN(log_rate("Verify ecdsa.....", ecdsa, duration, use_gpu));
         }
 
         if (!mark_invalids(prevalids, fails, startup))
@@ -156,13 +157,14 @@ code chaser_validate::do_process_batch(bool bank, bool startup) NOEXCEPT
             LOGN("Batch verify schnorr canceled (" << schnorr << ").");
             return network::error::operation_canceled;
         }
-        const auto elapsed = network::logger::now() - start;
-        fire(events::schnorr_secs, duration_cast<seconds>(elapsed).count());
 
+        const auto elapsed = network::logger::now() - start;
+        const auto count = duration_cast<seconds>(elapsed).count();
+        const auto duration = limit<size_t>(count);
+        fire(events::schnorr_secs, duration);
         if (!startup)
         {
-            LOGN(log_rate("Verify schnorr...", schnorr,
-                duration_cast<milliseconds>(elapsed).count(), use_gpu));
+            LOGN(log_rate("Verify schnorr...", schnorr, duration, use_gpu));
         }
 
         if (!mark_invalids(prevalids, fails, startup))
@@ -403,9 +405,10 @@ code chaser_validate::do_process_silent_batch(bool bank) NOEXCEPT
     if (is_nonzero(rows))
     {
         const auto elapsed = network::logger::now() - start;
-        fire(events::silent_secs, duration_cast<seconds>(elapsed).count());
-        LOGN(log_rate("Compute silent...", rows,
-            duration_cast<milliseconds>(elapsed).count(), use_gpu));
+        const auto count = duration_cast<seconds>(elapsed).count();
+        const auto duration = limit<size_t>(count);
+        fire(events::silent_secs, duration);
+        LOGN(log_rate("Compute silent...", rows, duration, use_gpu));
     }
 
     // Purge presilents before silents.
diff --git a/src/chasers/chaser_validate_parallel.cpp b/src/chasers/chaser_validate_parallel.cpp
index 2a6837d5..43e058a4 100644
--- a/src/chasers/chaser_validate_parallel.cpp
+++ b/src/chasers/chaser_validate_parallel.cpp
@@ -113,12 +113,13 @@ void chaser_validate::validate_block(const header_link& link,
     if (!ec && current)
     {
         const auto elapsed = network::logger::now() - start;
-        const auto usecs = duration_cast<microseconds>(elapsed).count();
-        fire(events::validate_usecs, usecs);
+        const auto count = duration_cast<microseconds>(elapsed).count();
+        const auto duration = limit<size_t>(count);
+        fire(events::validate_usecs, duration);
         if (pooled)
         {
             LOGN("Validated pooled block [" << ctx.height << "] of ("
-                << query.get_tx_count(link) << ") txs in (" << usecs
+                << query.get_tx_count(link) << ") txs in (" << duration
                 << ") usecs.");
         }
         else
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ void chaser_validate::validate_block(const header_link& link,
             LOGN("Validated full block [" << ctx.height << "] of ("
                 << query.get_tx_count(link) << ") txs with ("
                 << unpooled_count(query, link, ctx) << ") unpooled in ("
-                << usecs << ") usecs.");
+                << duration << ") usecs.");
         }
     }
 

From 73cf1556148596b44ec420435a25f72e2e4b53f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 18:49:17 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] Make estimate_failed uint64_t.

---
 include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp b/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp
index f70635ed..65983d68 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/node/estimator.hpp
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ class BCN_API estimator
 public:
     typedef std::unique_ptr<estimator> ptr;
     static constexpr size_t maximum_horizon = 1008;
-    static constexpr size_t estimate_failed =
-        system::possible_narrow_cast<size_t>(max_uint64);
+    static constexpr uint64_t estimate_failed = max_uint64;
 
     DELETE_COPY_MOVE_DESTRUCT(estimator);
 

From 0a12f9bd1d43612d969667a144c55b770e71aa50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 23:50:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] Regenerate artifacts, drop s390x (BE) build tests.

---
 .github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml              | 18 ++----------------
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                       | 18 ++----------------
 builds/cmake/CMakeLists.txt                    | 11 ++++++++---
 builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh                  |  8 ++++++++
 builds/cmake/install-presets.sh                |  8 ++++++++
 builds/gnu/Makefile.am                         |  1 +
 builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh                      |  8 ++++++++
 .../libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj    |  1 +
 .../libbitcoin-node.vcxproj.filters            |  3 +++
 9 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml
index c26a9725..48d3d8c3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-expanded.yml
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ jobs:
             package: "gcc-s390x-linux-gnu g++-s390x-linux-gnu qemu-user-static"
             host: "s390x-linux-gnu"
             boost: ""
-            options: "--enable-isystem"
+            options: "--enable-isystem --build-skip-tests"
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.image }}
 
@@ -496,14 +496,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Execute installation
         shell: bash
         working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node'
-        env:
-          MAKEFLAGS: "${{ matrix.host && 'TESTS=' || '' }}"
         run: >
           ./builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
           --build-use-local-src
           --build-src-dir="${{ github.workspace }}"
           --prefix="${{ github.workspace }}/prefix"
-          ${{ !matrix.host && '--build-post-install-clean' || '' }}
+          --build-post-install-clean
           --build-obj-dir="obj"
           --build-obj-dir-relative
           --build-config="${{ matrix.config }}"
@@ -512,18 +510,6 @@ jobs:
           ${{ matrix.options }}
           ${{ matrix.host && format('--host={0} --with-boost={1}/prefix', matrix.host, github.workspace) || '' }}
 
-      - name: Execute tests [cross]
-        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
-        shell: bash
-        working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node/obj/builds/gnu'
-        run: >
-          ./test/libbitcoin-node-test
-          --log_level=test_suite
-          --report_level=short
-          --show_progress=no
-          --detect_memory_leak=0
-          --build_info=yes
-
       - name: Coverage calculation
         if: ${{ matrix.coverage == 'lcov' }}
         shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index e6e7a385..58e59696 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ jobs:
             package: "gcc-s390x-linux-gnu g++-s390x-linux-gnu qemu-user-static"
             host: "s390x-linux-gnu"
             boost: ""
-            options: "--enable-isystem"
+            options: "--enable-isystem --build-skip-tests"
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.image }}
 
@@ -277,14 +277,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Execute installation
         shell: bash
         working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node'
-        env:
-          MAKEFLAGS: "${{ matrix.host && 'TESTS=' || '' }}"
         run: >
           ./builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
           --build-use-local-src
           --build-src-dir="${{ github.workspace }}"
           --prefix="${{ github.workspace }}/prefix"
-          ${{ !matrix.host && '--build-post-install-clean' || '' }}
+          --build-post-install-clean
           --build-obj-dir="obj"
           --build-obj-dir-relative
           --build-config="${{ matrix.config }}"
@@ -293,18 +291,6 @@ jobs:
           ${{ matrix.options }}
           ${{ matrix.host && format('--host={0} --with-boost={1}/prefix', matrix.host, github.workspace) || '' }}
 
-      - name: Execute tests [cross]
-        if: ${{ matrix.host }}
-        shell: bash
-        working-directory: 'libbitcoin-node/obj/builds/gnu'
-        run: >
-          ./test/libbitcoin-node-test
-          --log_level=test_suite
-          --report_level=short
-          --show_progress=no
-          --detect_memory_leak=0
-          --build_info=yes
-
       - name: Coverage calculation
         if: ${{ matrix.coverage == 'lcov' }}
         shell: bash
diff --git a/builds/cmake/CMakeLists.txt b/builds/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
index 0fb4fa03..63b1fe9b 100644
--- a/builds/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/builds/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ if ( MSVC )
   set( CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX "lib" )
 endif()
 
+include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Project options.
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,12 +106,13 @@ set( libbitcoin_network_VERSION ${libbitcoin-network_VERSION} )
 
 find_package( Boost 1.86.0 REQUIRED )
 
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Architecture options.
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Compiler options.
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
-include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
-include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
 
 check_cxx_compiler_flag( "-Wall" HAS_FLAG_WALL )
 if ( !HAS_FLAG_WALL )
diff --git a/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh b/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
index 4a5bba54..a9481de0 100755
--- a/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
+++ b/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
@@ -387,6 +387,14 @@ main()
         msg_verbose "CXX using defined value '${CXX}'"
     fi
 
+    if [[ -z "${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}" ]]; then
+        if [[ ${OS} == Darwin ]]; then
+            export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(sw_vers -productVersion)
+        fi
+    else
+        msg_verbose "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET using defined value '${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}'"
+    fi
+
     # HARDWARE_OPTIMIZED
     if [[ "${HARDWARE_OPTIMIZED}" == "yes" ]]; then
         ARCHTUNE="-march=native -mtune=native"
diff --git a/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh b/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
index 09bfc245..a5bac9d5 100755
--- a/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
+++ b/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
@@ -403,6 +403,14 @@ main()
         msg_verbose "CXX using defined value '${CXX}'"
     fi
 
+    if [[ -z "${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}" ]]; then
+        if [[ ${OS} == Darwin ]]; then
+            export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(sw_vers -productVersion)
+        fi
+    else
+        msg_verbose "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET using defined value '${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}'"
+    fi
+
     # HARDWARE_OPTIMIZED
     if [[ "${HARDWARE_OPTIMIZED}" == "yes" ]]; then
         ARCHTUNE="-march=native -mtune=native"
diff --git a/builds/gnu/Makefile.am b/builds/gnu/Makefile.am
index 553b1d69..9d5fe64e 100644
--- a/builds/gnu/Makefile.am
+++ b/builds/gnu/Makefile.am
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ src_libbitcoin_node_la_SOURCES = \
     ${srcdir}/../../src/block_arena.cpp \
     ${srcdir}/../../src/block_memory.cpp \
     ${srcdir}/../../src/configuration.cpp \
+    ${srcdir}/../../src/define.cpp \
     ${srcdir}/../../src/error.cpp \
     ${srcdir}/../../src/estimator.cpp \
     ${srcdir}/../../src/full_node.cpp \
diff --git a/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh b/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
index 22b0738d..c56c07b7 100755
--- a/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
+++ b/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
@@ -392,6 +392,14 @@ main()
         msg_verbose "CXX using defined value '${CXX}'"
     fi
 
+    if [[ -z "${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}" ]]; then
+        if [[ ${OS} == Darwin ]]; then
+            export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(sw_vers -productVersion)
+        fi
+    else
+        msg_verbose "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET using defined value '${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}'"
+    fi
+
     # HARDWARE_OPTIMIZED
     if [[ "${HARDWARE_OPTIMIZED}" == "yes" ]]; then
         ARCHTUNE="-march=native -mtune=native"
diff --git a/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj b/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj
index df62d449..4b821c02 100644
--- a/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj
+++ b/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\chasers\chaser_validate_capture.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\chasers\chaser_validate_parallel.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\configuration.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\define.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\error.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\estimator.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\full_node.cpp" />
diff --git a/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj.filters b/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj.filters
index 97bbce93..038a8020 100644
--- a/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/builds/msvc/vs2026/libbitcoin-node/libbitcoin-node.vcxproj.filters
@@ -102,6 +102,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\configuration.cpp">
       <Filter>src</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\define.cpp">
+      <Filter>src</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\src\error.cpp">
       <Filter>src</Filter>
     </ClCompile>

From 0bd071b6e5a46a89b2729fba7c3eb4e5563b3901 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Voskuil <eric@voskuil.org>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 00:04:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] Add Win32 release msvc CI job.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 58e59696..9c63fbfe 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -868,6 +868,12 @@ jobs:
             version: "vs2026"
             tests: "*"
 
+          - image: windows-latest
+            configuration: "StaticRelease"
+            platform: "Win32"
+            version: "vs2026"
+            tests: "*"
+
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.image }}
 
     steps: