diff --git a/src/packageurl/__init__.py b/src/packageurl/__init__.py
index 3bfae87..e0ed725 100644
--- a/src/packageurl/__init__.py
+++ b/src/packageurl/__init__.py
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ def normalize_name(
         "composer",
         "luarocks",
         "oci",
-        "npm",
         "alpm",
         "apk",
         "bitnami",
diff --git a/src/packageurl/validate.py b/src/packageurl/validate.py
index 4ee81c3..ee0111f 100644
--- a/src/packageurl/validate.py
+++ b/src/packageurl/validate.py
@@ -585,8 +585,8 @@ class NpmTypeDefinition(BasePurlType):
     default_repository_url = "https://registry.npmjs.org/"
     namespace_requirement = "optional"
     allowed_qualifiers = {"repository_url"}
-    namespace_case_sensitive = False
-    name_case_sensitive = False
+    namespace_case_sensitive = True
+    name_case_sensitive = True
     version_case_sensitive = True
     purl_pattern = "pkg:npm/.*"
 
diff --git a/tests/test_packageurl.py b/tests/test_packageurl.py
index 2c36549..937b27c 100644
--- a/tests/test_packageurl.py
+++ b/tests/test_packageurl.py
@@ -388,3 +388,22 @@ def test_no_encoding_to_string():
         p.to_string(encode=False)
         == "pkg:nuget/an:odd:space/libiconv: character set conversion library@1.9?package-id=e11a609df352e292"
     )
+
+
+def test_npm_name_case_is_preserved_on_parse():
+    purl = PackageURL.from_string("pkg:npm/Orchestrator@1.0.0")
+    assert purl.name == "Orchestrator"
+    assert purl.to_string() == "pkg:npm/Orchestrator@1.0.0"
+
+
+def test_npm_scoped_name_case_is_preserved_on_parse():
+    purl = PackageURL.from_string("pkg:npm/%40Scope/MyPackage@1.0.0")
+    assert purl.namespace == "@Scope"
+    assert purl.name == "MyPackage"
+    assert purl.to_string() == "pkg:npm/%40Scope/MyPackage@1.0.0"
+
+
+def test_npm_uppercase_name_has_no_case_warning():
+    messages = PackageURL.validate_string(purl="pkg:npm/MyPackage@1.0.0", strict=True)
+    case_warnings = [m for m in messages if "lowercased" in m.message]
+    assert not case_warnings
diff --git a/tests/test_purl_spec.py b/tests/test_purl_spec.py
index a78d23d..4e3cc2c 100644
--- a/tests/test_purl_spec.py
+++ b/tests/test_purl_spec.py
@@ -178,6 +178,11 @@ def run_test_case(case: PurlTestCase):
         test_group = case.test_group
         if test_group not in ("base", "advanced"):
             raise Exception(test_group)
+        if test_group == "base" and case.description == "npm package with uppercase name":
+            # The pinned spec test data still expects npm names to be
+            # lowercased, but npm names are case-sensitive now.
+            # Drop this once the spec submodule is bumped.
+            pytest.xfail("stale pinned spec expectation: npm names are case-sensitive")
         strict = test_group == "base"
         messages = PackageURL.validate_string(purl=case.input, strict=strict)
         messages = [message.to_dict() for message in messages]