diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py
index 3683c008dbcaaf..3b5f0336d696bc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py
@@ -261,6 +261,10 @@ def test__tuple_resize(self):
         self.assertRaises(MemoryError, resize, a, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
         self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, -1)
         self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
+        a = ([1], [2], [3])
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, resize, a, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
         # refcount > 1
         a = (1, 2, 3)
         self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, 3, False)
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2026-10-19-21-05-12.gh-issue-159739.Rk3fTq.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2026-10-19-21-05-12.gh-issue-159739.Rk3fTq.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2d510c63ac07a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2026-10-19-21-05-12.gh-issue-159739.Rk3fTq.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix a crash in :c:func:`_PyTuple_Resize` when resizing a non-empty tuple to a
+negative or too large size. It now raises :exc:`SystemError` or
+:exc:`MemoryError` respectively.
diff --git a/Objects/tupleobject.c b/Objects/tupleobject.c
index 9ed8fc3e964386..6e9b36864a12b4 100644
--- a/Objects/tupleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/tupleobject.c
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ _PyTuple_Resize(PyObject **pv, Py_ssize_t newsize)
     Py_ssize_t oldsize;
 
     v = (PyTupleObject *) *pv;
-    if (v == NULL || !Py_IS_TYPE(v, &PyTuple_Type) ||
+    if (v == NULL || !Py_IS_TYPE(v, &PyTuple_Type) || newsize < 0 ||
         (Py_SIZE(v) != 0 && !_PyObject_IsUniquelyReferenced(*pv))) {
         *pv = 0;
         Py_XDECREF(v);
@@ -988,6 +988,14 @@ _PyTuple_Resize(PyObject **pv, Py_ssize_t newsize)
         *pv = PyTuple_New(newsize);
         return *pv == NULL ? -1 : 0;
     }
+    /* Check for overflow */
+    if ((size_t)newsize > ((size_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - (sizeof(PyTupleObject) -
+                sizeof(PyObject *))) / sizeof(PyObject *)) {
+        *pv = NULL;
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
 
     if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(v)) {
         _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(v);