Refuse five unattested readings: bon, dí, heer as particles; herren, heren as titles (#766)

docs/design/decisions/H8-salutation-ending-the-given-part.md

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ Open: [#877](https://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser/issues/877) (whether a
 
 ## Log
 
+- 2026-10-27, #766 — `heren` is no salutation: the plural never stands before one person's name, so its title reading was refused and with it its `after_given` mark (decisions/vocabulary-model's entry of this date). `Doe, Jan Heren` reads middle 'Heren' again, as 1.4.0 through 2.5.0 read it; the vetting below, which kept it on its small counts, is the record of 2026-10-24. `herren`, which that vetting excluded from `after_given`, left the titles too.
+
 - 2026-10-24, #835 — A BARE SALUTATION ENDING A FAMILY COMMA'S GIVEN PART IS THE TITLE. `Doe, Jane Mrs` read middle 'Mrs' while `Doe, Jane Mrs.` (H5) and `Doe, John Jr Mr` (the salutation behind a post-nominal) read title, and `Doe, John Mr Jr` read middle 'Mr'; 1.4.0 and 2.5.0 read the first as middle 'Mrs' too (wheels checked 2026-10-24). The FEC's itemized contributions write `FAMILY, GIVEN MIDDLE SALUTATION` in capitals, the period often left off: on #834's `fec-individuals` corpus (file dated 2026-10-18, measured 2026-10-22, figures in #835) 13,243 names ended in a bare title word read as a middle name, `MR` 8,483 of them.
   THE REASON H5's BARE-WORD CLAUSE DOES NOT REACH HERE. H5 keeps a bare title word at the end of a name as a name word because TITLES holds ordinary surnames (`Mary Jane King`). After a family comma the surname's place is marked, so only the middle-name reading is left against the title, and of the title kinds (#750) the salutation is the one that is a form of address and not something a person is named after. So the rule is keyed on that kind, and narrower than the kind: the property marks the salutations not borne as names.
   THE VOCABULARY. A behavioral title property, `after_given = true`, allowed on a `salutation` reading only (a build check), compiles into `AFTER_GIVEN_TITLES` and the new `Lexicon.after_given_titles`; v1's `Constants` has no attribute for it, and `_snapshot()` intersects it with the titles, so deleting the title is the v1 knob. Considered and not taken: keying the rule on the `salutation` kind itself, with exclusions for the borne words — it makes a kind compile into a behavior, where every behavior so far is a property (decisions/vocabulary-model).

docs/design/decisions/vocabulary-model.md

@@ -36,12 +36,13 @@ The vocabulary was a set of base sets plus marker subsets (`particles` and `part
 - The titles take ten kinds beside the generic one, `academic` and `occupation` divided by function rather than subject, and the title keep-outs are exclusions — 2026-10-19 #750, title kinds; 2026-10-19 #750, the rest of the titles.
 - `wm` is no title: William's abbreviation reads as the given name it is (`Wm Smith` → given 'Wm'), and its title reading is refused in en.toml — 2026-10-22 #789. The dotted `Wm.` opening the given part reads given too, by the reading below — 2026-10-26 #789.
 - A given name written short is a `given` reading whose `same_as` is the full name, normalized and naming no entry, a `family` reading taking none; the word compiles into `GIVEN_NAME_ABBREVIATIONS` (`Lexicon.given_name_abbreviations`), which outranks rules/H2's shape and nothing else (decisions/H2). The traditional English abbreviations in en.toml (`chas`, `wm`) and the Filipino `ma` and `jo` in fil.toml carry one — 2026-10-23 #752; 2026-10-26 #789, phase 2k.
+- A particle or salutation reading with no attested use in a person's name is refused rather than kept, its counts as name readings: `bon` and `dí` (und.toml) and `heer` (nl.toml) are no particles, and the plural salutations `herren` (de.toml) and `heren` (nl.toml) no titles, a plural never standing before one person's name — 2026-10-27 #766.
 - Abbreviations and full words spelled alike across European languages (`dr`, `prof`, `doctor`, `professor`, `docent`) are in `mul.toml`; a credential goes to a file only on evidence that names in that language carry it, so none is in `mul.toml` — 2026-10-19 #750, the rest of the titles; 2026-10-20 #751, the credentials.
-- `und.toml` holds only `bon` and `dí`, particles of unrecorded origin; every other word, the credentials, conjunctions, bound given names and birth markers included, is in a language file or in `mul.toml` — 2026-10-19 #749; 2026-10-20 #751, the conjunctions.
+- `und.toml` holds only `bon` and `dí`, of unrecorded origin, their particle readings refused (below) and their name readings kept; every other word, the credentials, conjunctions, bound given names and birth markers included, is in a language file or in `mul.toml` — 2026-10-19 #749; 2026-10-20 #751, the conjunctions.
 
 Not standing: the plans the classifications carried out, phase 1's mechanical conversion of the unclassified categories into `und.toml` (2026-10-18 #737) and the shared readings left in place until their categories were classified (2026-10-19 #749), both done by 2026-10-20 #751, the conjunctions; and #747's reason for exempting `und.toml`, its entries keeping the Python lists' order for its vetting comments to point along (2026-10-19 #747), overtaken once it held two entries and no such comment.
 
-Open: #913 (the title words phase 2j left, read as titles though borne as names), #753 (phase 3, language packs), #754 (phase 4, order, shapes and the output model), #766 (whether `bon`, `dí` and three other words stay in the vocabulary).
+Open: #913 (the title words phase 2j left, read as titles though borne as names), #753 (phase 3, language packs), #754 (phase 4, order, shapes and the output model).
 
 ## Log
 
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ Open: #913 (the title words phase 2j left, read as titles though borne as names)
   - `dean`, `justice` and `major` gain an office or military reading beside a dated `given` one; `justice`'s exclusion (#606) is replaced by the reading. The batches of 2j declare the rest.
   Adding the four fields changes `Lexicon`'s pickle layout, as phase 2h did.
 - **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2i (Derek) — `attaches` MAY NAME A TITLE WORD AS WELL AS A KIND, AND `grace` AND `marshal` JOIN THE CONTESTED TITLES.** Amends the `attaches` bullet of the 2026-10-25 #752, phase 2i entry: a kind reaches every word that later joins it, and once `marshal` became a contested military word the military kind made `Sgt Marshal Smith` a title phrase. A list entry that is no kind must be a word with a title reading (a build check, its mutation in tests/v2/test_vocab.py). `major` attaches to `general` and `sergeant` and `sgt` to `major`. `grace` (style) and `marshal` (military, its #606 exclusion replaced) carry dated `given` readings. The measurement and Derek's answers are decisions/H9's entry of this date.
+- **2026-10-27 #766 — FIVE UNATTESTED READINGS REFUSED: `bon`, `dí` and `heer` are no particles, `herren` and `heren` no titles.** Each reading is replaced by an exclusion quoting the evidence, and each word keeps or gains its name readings with dated counts (`heer`: Census 2010 surname 2,007, Wikidata family 113, beside its SSA given count; `herren` and `heren` re-counted unchanged). None had a recorded source: `bon` and `dí` came with the 2011 and 2012 prefix lists and #749 found no particle use; `heer`'s only source was #18's `Johan de heer Van Kampen`, two real names run together; `herren` and `heren` came unvetted with #99's honorifics, and a plural addresses several people. `PARTICLES` loses three words and `TITLES` two, `heren` leaving `AFTER_GIVEN_TITLES` with it. As name words they read as any other: `Marie Bon Durand` → middle 'Bon', family 'Durand' (was family 'Bon Durand'); `Herren Hans` → given 'Herren' (was title 'Herren'); `Doe, Jan Heren` → middle 'Heren', 1.4.0's reading, where 2.6.0 read title 'Heren' (decisions/H8); and a leading `Bon` or `Heer` no longer reports `particle-or-given`. Measured 2026-10-27 against 6ae585f3 with `tools/differential/measure.py`: no committed corpus name moves (`tests/v2/test_snapshot.py`, the CLDR and GND records). The local corpora moved 79 entries (ctgov-officials 14, fec-individuals 9, jrc-names 30, psc-individuals 20, tse-donors 6; nepal-candidates, tw-donors and ukec-individuals none), of four shapes: a surname of a real particle and the word (`de Heer`, `le Bon`, `van Bon`), whose base is now the word, so `initials()` no longer counts the particle and case repair writes the particle as it writes any other; the word between the given name and the surname, now a middle name, where psc-individuals' filers typed it (4 records now agree with their boxes, none newly disagree); a leading `Bon` or `Heer` given name losing its `particle-or-given` report; and `Herren` or `Heren` opening a name, now the given name. The accepted cost is a compound surname written with `Bon` as its own first word (`Bon Valsassina`, the stage name `Bon Jovi`), now middle 'Bon', as any double surname reads by position (`Policy(two_family_names=True)` is the opt-in). jrc-names reads 5 more persons' spellings alike. Recompute: `uv run python tools/differential/measure.py --base <a checkout of 6ae585f3>`, and the refusals with `uv run python tools/vocab/query.py --excluded particle` and `--excluded salutation`. `und.toml` keeps both words, so it is not empty.
 - **2026-10-27 #752, phase 2j, `sheikh` and its spellings (Derek) — THE NINTH AND LAST TITLE BATCH: `sheikh`, `sheik`, `shekh`, `shaik` and `cheikh` have dated `given` readings**, so each is a title only inside a title phrase; `shaykh` stays a title. `Sheikh Ahmed Khan`, `Mr Sheikh Ahmed` and `Cheikh Anta Diop` read the given name; a ruler written with the bare title does too (`Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid`), the cost Derek accepted on 2026-10-27. With it every word item 12's measurement named has its reading. The measurement is decisions/H9's entry of this date.
 - **2026-10-27 #752, phase 2j, `prince` and `princess` (Derek) — THE EIGHTH TITLE BATCH: both have a dated `given` reading**, so each is a title only inside a title phrase. `Prince Fielder`, `Mr Prince Smith` and `Smith, Princess` read the given name; a royal written with the bare title does too (`Prince Harry`), the class accepted for `king`, `sultan` and `shaikh`, accepted by Derek on 2026-10-27. `His Royal Highness Prince Harry` and `Prince of Wales` keep the title. The measurement is decisions/H9's entry of this date.
 - **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2j, `shaikh` (Derek) — THE SEVENTH TITLE BATCH: `shaikh` has a dated `given` reading**, so the style is a title only inside a title phrase. `Shaikh Ahmed Khan` and `Mr Shaikh Ahmed` read given 'Shaikh'; a ruler written with the bare title does too (`Shaikh Hamad bin Isa`), the class accepted for `king` and `sultan`, the larger share of rulers Derek accepted on 2026-10-27. `sheikh` keeps its own batch. The measurement is decisions/H9's entry of this date.

docs/migrate.rst

@@ -655,12 +655,12 @@ in tokenization rather than by policy, so a name written with either
 still divides at the dot, and still renders with a space, whatever
 those two fields are set to.
 
-Changed in 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Changed in 2.3 through 2.7
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Later releases moved more 1.4 readings, and these reach ``HumanName``
 as well; 2.1 and 2.2 read every one of them as 1.4 did. The release
-log's 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 sections carry the reasoning; these are the shapes to
+log's 2.3 to 2.7 sections carry the reasoning; these are the shapes to
 grep your fixtures for, with what 1.4 read:
 
 - ``"Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth"``, ``"His Royal Highness Prince Harry"`` (2.3) — a lone
@@ -741,6 +741,9 @@ grep your fixtures for, with what 1.4 read:
 - ``"Jane Smith, Dr. / MD"`` (2.7) — a hyphen or slash standing alone
   between post-nominals reads as a comma: 1.4 read first ``/``, last
   ``Jane Smith``.
+- ``"Marie Bon Durand"`` and ``"Herren Hans"`` (2.7) — ``Bon``, ``Dí``
+  and ``Heer`` are no longer particles, nor ``Herren`` and ``Heren``
+  titles: 1.4 read last ``Bon Durand`` and title ``Herren``.
 - ``"Mr Md Karim Uddin"`` and ``"Wm Smith"`` (2.6) — ``Md`` and ``Wm``
   are the given names they abbreviate: 1.4 read title ``Mr Md`` and
   ``Wm``.

docs/release_log.rst

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Release Log
     - **Read Chas., Wm. and the other given names written short as given names rather than titles.** ``Chas. Smith`` and ``Ma. Cristina Reyes`` give first ``Chas.`` and ``Ma.``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Chas.`` and ``Ma.``; ``Thos.``, ``Jas.``, ``Geo.``, ``Robt.``, ``Benj.``, ``Jno.``, ``Saml.``, ``Edw.``, ``Richd.``, ``Wm.`` and the Filipino ``Jo.`` read the same way, behind a title too (``Mrs Ma. Liza Cruz`` gives title ``Mrs``, first ``Ma.``). An unlisted abbreviation in front is still a title (``Insp. Jane Morse``), and ``Lexicon.given_name_abbreviations`` lists the words. :issue:`789`, :issue:`752`
     - **Read a bracketed credential that is also a name as a suffix where its writing settles it.** ``John Smith (MA)`` and ``John Smith (M.A)`` give suffix ``MA`` and ``M.A``, as 1.4.0 did, where 2.0.0 through 2.6.0 gave nickname ``MA`` and ``M.A``; ``Andrew Perkins (JD)`` gives suffix ``JD``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave nickname ``JD``. Only capitals in a mixed-case name or a period inside the word settle it, and only after the name, so ``John Smith (Ed)``, ``JOHN SMITH (MA)`` and ``Jeffrey (JD) Bricken`` keep the nickname and report a ``suffix-or-nickname`` ambiguity. :issue:`810`, :issue:`752`
     - **Read a hyphen or a slash standing alone between post-nominals as a comma.** ``Jane Smith, Dr. / MD`` gives first ``Jane``, last ``Smith``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave first ``/``, last ``Jane Smith``; ``John Smith, MD - PhD`` gives suffix ``MD, PhD``, where 1.4.0 through 2.5.0 gave first ``-``, last ``John Smith`` and 2.6.0 gave suffix ``MD - PhD``. It counts only after a whole name and its comma, or after a second comma, and only with a space on each side, so ``Smith - Jones, John`` and ``John Smith, MD- PhD`` read as before; ``extra_suffix_delimiters`` still declares any other separator. :issue:`889`, :issue:`156`
+    - **Fix Bon, Dí and Heer joining the next word into the last name, and Herren and Heren reading as titles.** ``Marie Bon Durand`` gives middle ``Bon``, last ``Durand``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave last ``Bon Durand``; ``Li Dí Wang`` and ``Jan Heer Smit`` read the same. ``Herren Hans`` gives first ``Herren``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Herren``; ``Heren Jan`` reads the same, and ``Doe, Jan Heren`` gives middle ``Heren`` again, where 2.6.0 gave title ``Heren``. :issue:`766`
     - **A Lexicon or Parser pickled by an earlier release no longer loads.** Loading one raises ``ValueError`` naming the new fields (``suffix_words_ambiguous``, ``agnomens``, ``titles_ambiguous``, ``title_modifiers``, ``title_styles``, ``title_phrases``, ``given_name_abbreviations``); re-pickle after upgrading. ``ParsedName`` and ``HumanName`` pickles still load. :issue:`752`
 
 * 2.6.0 - October 25, 2026

nameparser/config/_compiled.py

@@ -385,10 +385,8 @@
     'heiress',
     'her',
     'hereditary',
-    'heren',
     'herr',
     'herra',
-    'herren',
     'herrn',
     'herzog',
     'high',
@@ -881,7 +879,6 @@
     'gospodin',
     'gospođa',
     'gospođica',
-    'heren',
     'herrn',
     'juffrouw',
     'kalbatoni',
@@ -1426,7 +1423,6 @@
     'bint',
     'binte',
     'binti',
-    'bon',
     "d'",
     'da',
     'dal',
@@ -1451,7 +1447,6 @@
     'do',
     'dos',
     'du',
-    'dí',
     'd’',
     'ed-',
     'edh-',
@@ -1465,7 +1460,6 @@
     'ez-',
     'freiherr',
     'freiherrin',
-    'heer',
     'het',
     'ibn',
     "l'",

nameparser/vocab/README.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A file is named for a BCP 47 language tag in canonical case: `fr.toml`, `pt-BR.t
 
 Two tags are not languages:
 
-- **`und`** (undetermined) holds the words no language file fits: two particles of unrecorded origin, `bon` and `dí` (since 2026-10-20, when #751 finished what #749 and #750 began, giving every other word its languages). The comment at the top of the file says why they are there; a word whose language is found moves to that language's file.
+- **`und`** (undetermined) holds the words no language file fits: `bon` and `dí`, particles of unrecorded origin until #766 refused their particle readings, now name readings and those exclusions (since 2026-10-20, when #751 finished what #749 and #750 began, giving every other word its languages). The comment at the top of the file says why they are there; a word whose language is found moves to that language's file.
 - **`mul`** (multiple) holds words shared on purpose, such as the Roman numerals.
 
 The script is read from the word, not from the file: `sr.toml` holds `mlađi` and `млађи` side by side. A script subtag (`zh-Hant`) is for a difference the text cannot show.
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The particle kinds say what the word does in the names of the file's language:
 - `patronymic`: "son of" or "daughter of", where the word after it is a parent's name (`bin`, `binti`, `ibn`, `بن`, `בן`);
 - `teknonymic`: "father of", naming the bearer by a child (`abu`, `أبو`);
 - `clan`: a lineage prefix, where the word after it is a family name shared by the lineage rather than a parent's name (`mac`, `mc`, `ó`, `ní`, `آل`);
-- `rank`: a former rank written inside the surname (`freiherr`, `heer`);
+- `rank`: a former rank written inside the surname (`freiherr`, `freiherrin`);
 - `saint`: "Saint" opening a surname (`san`, `santa`, `st`, `ste`);
 - `alias`: a word joining two surnames of one person (`vel`).
 

nameparser/vocab/de.toml

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ salutation = { gender = "m", same_as = "herr", excluded = { after_given = "endin
 
 [[word]]
 text = "herren"
-salutation = { gender = "m", expands = "the plural of Herr", excluded = { after_given = "a surname (Census 2010 HERREN), and middle names are drawn from surnames" } }
-family = { us_census_2010 = 4466, wikidata = 37, as_of = 2026-10-24 }
+family = { us_census_2010 = 4466, wikidata = 37, as_of = 2026-10-27, note = "Wikidata bearers by citizenship: Switzerland 9, the United States 5, Germany 4" }
+excluded = { salutation = { reason = "the plural of Herr: a plural addresses several people (Herren Müller und Schmidt) and never stands before one person's name, so as a title it only took the first word of a surname-first name (Herren Hans read title 'Herren', family 'Hans'); borne as a surname by more than any word shipped under the graf class, decisions/salutation-titles (the counts on its family reading)", issue = 766 } }
 
 [[word]]
 text = "dipl.-ing"